Captain Ibrahim Traoré, who has led Burkina Faso since a 2022 coup, is intensifying efforts to establish economic autonomy by reducing reliance on foreign aid and maximizing internal resources. His vision aligns with the broader strategy of the Alliance of Sahel States, which includes Mali and Niger, emphasizing economic sovereignty as a pathway to national resilience and progress.
This model is centered on leveraging Burkina Faso’s internal resources to drive self-sufficiency. According to Hamidou Sawadogo, a professor of monetary and financial economics at the University Joseph KI-Zerbo, this approach has allowed the government to place agriculture at the forefront of national priorities. “This model is based on leveraging internal resources. It has enabled the head of state and his government to prioritize agriculture. But the other key aspect is the industrialization of our production,” Sawadogo explains.
Agriculture now stands as the backbone of Burkina Faso’s economic strategy, receiving dedicated funding and structural improvements that have significantly increased production capacity. The success of these measures is evident in the 2024 harvest, which yielded nearly six million tonnes of cereal. This boost in agricultural output is seen as a crucial step in achieving food security and reducing dependency on external markets.
Beyond agriculture, Burkina Faso is also exploring other sectors to enhance its economic base. The government has been pushing for the development of local industries, aiming to transform raw materials into finished goods to create jobs and increase revenue. This industrial push includes investments in textile production, mining, and energy generation, all of which contribute to the country’s long-term economic strategy. By increasing investment in these areas, Burkina Faso aims to expand its workforce, create employment opportunities, and stimulate domestic economic activity.
Additionally, infrastructure development is being prioritized to support economic growth. Improved road networks, better irrigation systems for farmlands, and enhanced electricity grids are essential for sustaining progress. The government is also exploring renewable energy sources, such as solar and hydroelectric power, to reduce energy dependency and increase efficiency. With a growing population and rising industrial needs, energy security is becoming a crucial aspect of economic planning.
Despite these economic gains, security remains a significant challenge for Burkina Faso. The country has been grappling with a decade-long fight against Islamist insurgents, and securing national territory is essential for sustainable development. “Personally, I would recommend further investment in territorial defense to ensure our survival. Once that is secured, we can continue developing our internal growth model,” Sawadogo asserts. The government has responded by allocating more resources to the security sector, strengthening military and intelligence operations to curb insurgent activities. Strengthening border control and increasing surveillance measures have also been prioritized to prevent the spread of militant activities.
The need for political stability and social cohesion is another key factor in Burkina Faso’s economic journey. A stable political environment fosters investor confidence, encourages local entrepreneurship, and supports long-term economic planning. Traoré’s administration is working to strengthen governance structures, improve public sector efficiency, and enhance transparency in economic policies. Ensuring that economic benefits reach all citizens is crucial in maintaining public trust and fostering national unity.
As the government continues to push forward with its economic transformation, the effects of these policies are becoming increasingly apparent. Economic growth is showing positive signs, with GDP projected to rise by 3.7 percent in 2024. This growth trajectory signals an improvement in national economic performance and an encouraging outlook for the future. Additionally, the emphasis on local production has led to a reduction in import reliance, fostering a more self-sustaining economy.
Nevertheless, Burkina Faso must remain adaptable to address ongoing security threats and structural challenges. While the internal growth model presents a promising avenue for economic resilience, its long-term success hinges on maintaining stability and fostering innovation. The government must strike a delicate balance between bolstering security and sustaining economic progress to ensure that Burkina Faso’s vision of self-reliance translates into lasting prosperity.
Education and skill development are also vital components of Burkina Faso’s long-term economic plan. Investing in technical and vocational training programs ensures that the workforce is equipped with the skills needed to drive industrialization and economic diversification. Expanding access to quality education will prepare future generations to contribute effectively to the country’s economic transformation. Furthermore, encouraging innovation and technological advancements will allow Burkina Faso to compete in the global market and increase economic efficiency.
The road to full economic sovereignty is still long, but Burkina Faso’s efforts to strengthen its internal economy are laying the foundation for a more independent future. By prioritizing agricultural self-sufficiency, industrialization, infrastructure development, security, political stability, and education, the nation is positioning itself as a leader in economic resilience within the Sahel region. As these policies continue to unfold, their impact will determine whether Burkina Faso can truly achieve the autonomy it envisions. The success of this model will not only benefit the nation but will also serve as an example for other countries striving for economic independence in the face of global challenges.
In the coming years, Burkina Faso’s ability to adapt to evolving economic conditions and security concerns will be critical in determining its progress. The government’s strategic initiatives, coupled with strong leadership and a committed populace, will play a decisive role in shaping the country’s economic future. With sustained efforts and innovative policies, Burkina Faso has the potential to transition into a more stable and prosperous economy, paving the way for long-term national development and growth.
